Vahid Agah; moein sabourian
Abstract
According to the prevailing opinions on interpreting Article 64 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, religious minorities’ members consisting of the Zoroastrians, the Jews, the Christians (north and south Armenians, Assyrians and Chaldeans) are not augmentable in Iran’s parliament. ...
Read More
According to the prevailing opinions on interpreting Article 64 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, religious minorities’ members consisting of the Zoroastrians, the Jews, the Christians (north and south Armenians, Assyrians and Chaldeans) are not augmentable in Iran’s parliament. The main goal of this article is to clarify the allocation of these five seats and its position within the scope of the principle of equality, which was done by describing-analyzing method and collecting library-documentary information. The research suggested that five members are guaranteed at a minimum and there are no limitations. It is changed in statute and parliament election also has established significant discrimination through the election system of the religious minorities that appear during the process of enrolment, qualifications, the structure of supervisions, provincial and central, voting and dividing election centers.Finally, positive discrimination has changed into a negative one. The solution is to correct the acts and regulations. So we suggest amending the laws in secondary fields and voting centers, and also the participation of minorities in control boards, and increasing minorities members in parliament.
hamed oladi
Abstract
This article is an analytical study of Clauses C and D of Article 80 of the Administrative Justice Court Act that requires persons that request voiding of regulations (voiding regulations due to contradiction with Islamic law) to express causes of law and related reasons with clarified remedy and finally ...
Read More
This article is an analytical study of Clauses C and D of Article 80 of the Administrative Justice Court Act that requires persons that request voiding of regulations (voiding regulations due to contradiction with Islamic law) to express causes of law and related reasons with clarified remedy and finally refusing the application. In this study, it is revealed that Clauses C and D of Article 80 of Administrative Justice Court Act leads to violating timetable of effect of voiding due to violation of principles 166 and 167 of the Constitution and associated clauses. In practice, analyzing the precedent of jurists of Guardian Council in 2 fields of Islamic control of laws and regulations in the years 1982 to 2016 is not described as documentary and plausible. Thus, the contents of aforesaid Clauses are illegitimate limitation over fair trial and the issue of Islamic Judgment and Islam shall be eliminated from aforesaid Clauses.
Abstract
The strategy of government for facing with music concert is examined from
viewpoint of either intervention or supervision. In the intervention strategy
through security forces, the government enforces artists for receiving prior
permission and license for holding music concerts. In fact, applying ...
Read More
The strategy of government for facing with music concert is examined from
viewpoint of either intervention or supervision. In the intervention strategy
through security forces, the government enforces artists for receiving prior
permission and license for holding music concerts. In fact, applying licensing
system limits the artistic rights, especially the right to freedom of artistic
expression and the government may supervise over music concerts before,
during production and before presentation and only upon issuing license, the
musician is able to present the show on live stage concert. In the second
strategy, it is focused on the principle of freedom and the government upon
production of music and only in case of confronting with crime and violation of
law, may intervene in a music concert. According to positive law in Iran, a very
strict licensing system in the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance is
established that apart from its fundamental weaknesses, refers to selecting the
“intervention strategy”. But also in practice, the second strategy is applied
through police force and the Judiciary. Thus, it refers to a chaotic mixed system
of intervention and supervision with different approaches that in addition to be
illogical, may lead to wasting the capital, time and energy of musicians. The
present article examines this issue and offers the following solutions:
establishment of administrative courts by maximum partnership of music guild
system (unions) at Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance and appeal
jurisdiction of court of administrative justice in single stage for all plaintiffs
either musicians or the government.
Abstract
Government supervises over artistic works on 2 forms including: Licensing and persuit System. In first, government shall issue license for creating and publishing artistic works and in this method, the right to freedom of artistic expression is limited. However, in second method, there is fundamental ...
Read More
Government supervises over artistic works on 2 forms including: Licensing and persuit System. In first, government shall issue license for creating and publishing artistic works and in this method, the right to freedom of artistic expression is limited. However, in second method, there is fundamental principle of freedom and upon creating and publishing artistic work only in case of violation of laws and regulations, the government may take duly action and there is no requirement for issuing license before producing or publishing artistic works. This article attempts to examine this issue within frame of constitutional legal system in relation to dramatic works and films since 1927 until victory of Islamic Revolution and it is concluded that on the contrary of complementary of The Constitution of constitutional system that has selected the principle of freedom, the statute law in all of the aforesaid years was based on licensing system. Moreover, finding out problems and formalities of aforesaid system refers to following weakness including: 1) Governmental structure of members of licensing system and negligence for holding related associations. 2) Lack of fair deadline for issuing license of producing and publishing artistic works.3) criminal sanction for violation of Licensing System in artistic works.
